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Who wins the market? Lead-Acid or Lithium-ion?
Who wins the market? Lead-Acid or Lithium-ion?
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Home Page > Business > Industrial > Who wins the market? Lead-Acid or Lithium-ion?
Who wins the market? Lead-Acid or Lithium-ion?
Posted: Oct 19, 2010 |Comments: 0
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Who wins the market? Lead-Acid or Lithium-ion?
By: Georgia Price
About the Author
Group Aakar is Leading company provides lead acid battery suppliers, Nickel-metal hydride (NmH) batteries and Lithium-ion battery manufactures, lead acid battery manufactures, Lead Battery Smelting Plant and Services for Lead Battery Recycling process.
World’s first B2B portal on Battery industry for battery suppliers, manufactures, Exporters and more only at Batteryind.com.
(ArticlesBase SC #3504042)
Article Source: http://www.articlesbase.com/ – Who wins the market? Lead-Acid or Lithium-ion?
Lead acid (LA) battery is slowing running out of the energy storage race compared with nickel-metal hydrides and lithium-ions that entered the market with all the energy to win. Nickel-metal hydride (NmH) batteries are used in the current generation of hybrid cars and lithium-ion (LI) batteries are used in mobile devices. Many visualize LI to be the future of electric cars.
Even with all this, what the automakers intend is to create proper energy storage for startups and a light weight vehicle. For this, automakers need a lightweight battery that won’t interfere with a car’s all-electric range or design and at the same time is light in weight. Lead can be blamed to be one of the heaviest elements known to science with all its environmental hazards.
Ultra capacitors blended with the LA batteries have become the answer to this. They are called PbCs. Though ultra capacitors give low energy density and cannot measure up to the LAs in storing the power per kilogram, they excel in charge time and lifespan. Ultra capacitors can handle far more charge cycles than LI or LA batteries and they recharge quickly. This technology is brought in by Pennsylvania-based Axion Power International funded by Quercus Trust. Axion’s PbC batteries weigh half as much as traditional lead-acid batteries, while offering just slightly less storage capacity.
Axion’s PbC looks like a normal LA. What Axion has done is that it has replaced a stack of lead electrodes with a stack of activated carbon electrodes. “Axion replaces the lead-based negative electrodes found in conventional lead-acid batteries with carbon assemblies. The only [noticeable] difference is the feel”, says CEO Thomas Granville.
Like the conversion companies that have sprouted up to turn hybrids into plug-ins with battery packs, Axion says it can retrofit conventional trucks and SUVs to have an all-electric range of 40 miles-plus for less than $10,000.
Granville says, “Obama keeps talking about having a million hybrids on the road by 2012″, “Even with federal incentives to jumpstart the transition, switching 100 percent of the fleet over to clean, new vehicles would take decades”.
PbC batteries offer a way to clean up vehicle emissions without trading out the entire national fleet. Axion favours a three-year, 50 percent tax credit for retrofits.
This year, Axion plans to ship-out a new mobile energy storage system for grid buffering, starting with a delayed New York State Energy Research and Development Authority project in upstate New York. Next to lithium of course, PbCs are still heavy.
When Axion pitched its technology to members of Freedom CAR earlier, the automakers wanted batteries at a maximum $87 per kilowatt-hour where Axion’s technology costed $240-$260 per kilowatt-hour (Lithium-ion and nickel-metal hydride batteries can cost upwards of $300 per kilowatt-hour). The deal thus, did not work out. Toyota seized the opportunity and proceeded with more expensive technology. This helped Toyota to capture a significant share in the hybrid battery market.
The battery industry is sure to take some time to learn the new technology but automakers can play a vital role in providing this technology at the door step of the end-user. Nevertheless, with ever better technology, one would need to shell out something more from one’s pocket at least in the initial stages.
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(ArticlesBase SC #3504042)
Georgia Price -
About the Author:
Group Aakar is Leading company provides lead acid battery suppliers, Nickel-metal hydride (NmH) batteries and Lithium-ion battery manufactures, lead acid battery manufactures, Lead Battery Smelting Plant and Services for Lead Battery Recycling process.
World’s first B2B portal on Battery industry for battery suppliers, manufactures, Exporters and more only at Batteryind.com.
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The Ups and Downs of the British Real Estate Market

The five ghastly “Jack the Ripper” murders took place in an area less than a quarter square mile in size. Houses in this haunting and decrepit no man’s land straddling the City and metropolitan London could be had for 25-50,000 British pounds as late as a decade ago. How things change!
The general buoyancy in real estate prices in the capital coupled with the adjacent Spitalfields urban renewal project have lifted prices. A house not 50 yards from the scene of the Ripper’s last – and most ghoulish – slaying now sells for over 1 million pounds. In central London, one bedroom apartments retail for an outlandish half a million.
According to research published in September 2002 by Halifax, the UK’s largest mortgage lender, the number of 1 million pound homes sold has doubled in 1999-2002 to 2600. By 2002, it has increased elevenfold since 1995. According to The Economist’s house price index, prices rose by a further 15.6% in 2003, 10.2% in 2004 and a whopping 147% in total since 1997. In Greater London, one in every 90 homes fetches even a higher price. The average UK house now costs 100,000 pounds. In the USA, the ratios of house prices to rents and to median income are at historic highs.
One is reminded of the Japanese boast, at the height of their realty bubble, that the grounds of the royal palace in Tokyo are worth more than the entire real estate of Manhattan. Is Britain headed the same way?
A house – much like a Big Mac – is a basket of raw materials, goods, and services. But, unlike the Big Mac – and the purchasing power index it spawned – houses are also investment vehicles and stores of value. They yield often tax exempt capital gains, rental income, or benefits from occupying them (rent payments saved). Real estate is used to hedge against inflation, save for old age, and speculate. Prices of residential and commercial property reflect scarcity, investment fads, and changing moods.
Homeowners in both the UK and the USA – spurred on by aggressive marketing and the lowest interest rates in 30 years – have been refinancing old, more expensive, mortgages and heavily borrowing against their “equity” – i.e., against the meteoric rise in the market prices of their abodes.
According to the Milken Institute in Los Angeles, asset bubbles tend to both enhance and cannibalize each other. Profits from surging tradable securities are used to buy property and drive up its values. Borrowing against residential equity fuels overvaluations in fervid stock exchanges. When one bubble bursts – the other initially benefits from an influx of funds withdrawn in panic from the shriveling alternative.
Quantitatively, a considerably larger share of the nation’s wealth is tied in real estate than in the capital markets. Yet, the infamous wealth effect – an alleged fluctuation in the will to consume as a result of changing fortunes in the stock exchange – is equally inconspicuous in the realty markets. It seems that consumption is correlated with lifelong projected earnings rather than with the state of one’s savings and investments.
This is not the only counter-intuitive finding. Asset inflation – no matter how vertiginous – rarely spills into consumer prices. The recent bubbles in Japan and the USA, for instance, coincided with a protracted period of disinflation. The bursting of bubbles does have a deflationary effect, though.
In a late 2002 survey of global house price movements, “The Economist” concluded that real estate inflation is a global phenomenon. Though Britain far outpaces the United States and Italy (65% rise since 1997), it falls behind Ireland (179%) and South Africa (195%). It is in league with Australia (with 113%) and Spain (132%).
The paper notes wryly:
“Just as with equities in the late 1990s, property bulls are now coming up with bogus arguments for why rampant house-price inflation is sure to continue. Demographic change … Physical restrictions and tough planning laws … Similar arguments were heard in Japan in the late 1980s and Germany in the early 1990s – and yet in recent years house prices in these two countries have been falling. British house prices also tumbled in the late 1980s.”
They are bound to do so again. In the long run, the rise in house prices cannot exceed the increase in disposable income. The effects of the bursting of a property bubble are invariably more pernicious and prolonged than the outcomes of a bear market in stocks. Real estate is much more leveraged. Debt levels can well exceed home equity (“negative equity”) in a downturn. Nowadays, loans are not eroded by high inflation. Adjustable rate mortgages – one third of the annual total in the USA – will make sure that the burden of real indebtedness mushrooms as interest rates rise.
The Economist (April 2005):
“An IMF study on asset bubbles estimates that 40% of housing booms are followed by housing busts, which last for an average of four years and see an average decline of roughly 30% in home values. But given how many homebuyers in booming markets seem to be basing their purchasing decisions on expectations of outsized returns-a recent survey of buyers in Los Angeles indicated that they expected their homes to increase in value by a whopping 22% a year over the next decade-nasty downturns in at least some markets seem likely.”
With both the equity and realty markets in gloom, people revert to cash and bonds and save more – leading to deflation or recession or both. Japan is a prime example of such a shift of investment preferences. When prices collapse sufficiently to become attractive, investors pile back into both the capital and real estate markets. This cycle is as old and as inevitable as human greed and fear.
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